基于物联网的在线、智能调度方法的相关思考

物联网的飞速发展给生产调度系统带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战,数据的多源异构和连续涌入性、信息的透明性以及人、物料、设备、生产过程、产品等众多对象呈现出的连续动态存在性,这些新特征导致传统的调度优化方法难以适用。在已有研究的基础上,总结了物联网、调度优化方法以及基于情景的建模方法的研究现状和存在的问题,分析基于物联网的在线智能调度涉及到的问题及其特征,并提出其中的关键科学问题是基于情景的在线建模方法;提出该问题未来的研究目标为:针对物联网环境下调度对象状态的动态连续变化性,提供一种在线实时的智能优化调度方法,以最终实现调度优化过程的连续性以及调度优化决策的科学性、有效性和实用性;并详细阐述了未来关于基于情景的建模方法、基于情景的模型实时求解方法和基于情景的在线调度决策支持方法三方面的研究内容,为后续的深入研究做前期的思考和探索。     

The Role of the State in Explaining the Internationalization of Emerging Market Enterprises

While the competitive advantages of firms from developed economies are well understood, knowledge of the advantages that enable emerging market enterprises (EMEs) to expand overseas remains limited. Our analysis goes beyond theorizing that focuses on firm resources, enhancing the understanding of how EMEs expand abroad by internalizing home‐country institutional advantages that extend beyond the firm boundaries. More specifically, we examine how the state and institutional idiosyncrasies in the home country help EMEs internationalize. We demonstrate that state ownership has a strong independent effect on the international expansion of EMEs. This effect, however, is contingent upon firms' own resources and other location‐ and industry‐specific forces pertaining to the market orientation of each subnational region and the institutional policies within a given industry.     

经理人权力、薪酬结构与企业业绩

经理人薪酬合约的安排,既是为了缓解代理问题,其本身也可能受到经理人权力的影响.本文实证检验了经理人权力对薪酬结构的影响,发现经理人权力越大时,越倾向于选择高额的货币化报酬,以替代在职消费.进一步看,本文结合经理人权力这一重要权变变量,探讨不同情况下,经理人薪酬结构安排对企业业绩的影响.结论表明,当经理人权力较大时,在职消费一定程度上能够协调公司的利益和经理人的私人利益相一致,对企业业绩发挥积极作用;但当经理人权力越大、同时货币薪酬对在职消费的替代性越强时,经理人越有可能滥用在职消费,降低企业业绩,导致在职消费激励效率低下的主要原因是其使用用途的不规范.不同于以往研究结论中一概而论地只关注在职消费激励的低效率,本文的研究结论部分支持了经理人权力和薪酬结构的相机治理原则.     

Acceptance of automation manufacturing technology in China: an examination of perceived norm and organizational efficacy

Abstract

With a shift to more automation technology, social acceptance of technology plays an important role in the manufacturing sector. To what extent this occurs, and affects the adoption of technology, has been less researched, but is important in deciding how such technology is introduced, and the nature of the shift from labour-intensive manufacturing to automation. This research applies the revised technology acceptance model (TAM) to examine the impact of social and individual antecedents on the acceptance of automation manufacturing technology. Survey data are collected from 258 Chinese manufacturers. Results suggest that perceived norms significantly affect organizational intention to use automation manufacturing technology both directly and via perceived usefulness; organizational efficacy explains the intention to use via mediating effect of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. This research is one of the first extending and applying TAM from individuals to organizations.     

区域多元化抑或产品多元化?制度环境约束下民营企业核心能力构建与成长战略选择

在文献与理论研究的基础上,构建了制度环境、核心能力与企业成长战略选择之间关系的概念模型,并提出了相关假设。然后,以中国民营上市公司2007-2014年数据为对象进行实证检验,结果发现:市场化程度更高的区域,民营企业倾向于构建"行业专家"型核心能力,进而倾向于选择"做强"的区域多元化战略;市场化程度相对较低的区域,民营企业更多倾向于构建"社会资本"型核心能力,进而会选择"做大"的产品多元化战略。上述发现为企业成长与多元化战略理论补充了新的内容。     

Entrenchment in publicly traded family firms: Evidence from the S&P 500

Family involvement in corporate governance through ownership, management, and board membership presents a unique dilemma for understanding the strategic impetus and costs of entrenchment decisions. The presence of shared family ties and the family-centered goals of firm principals call to question the applicability of extant agency arguments regarding the nature and antecedents of managerial entrenchment. Exploring this, we develop and test a model of family firm-specific determinants (i.e., family ownership and family's involvement in management and governance) of entrenchment in publicly traded firms by drawing upon principal-principal agency theory. Findings of the empirical analysis of family owned S&P 500 firms suggest family firms are motivated to entrench managers when doing so supports the pursuit of family-centric goals. However, the extent to which entrenchment supports such goals varies at different levels of family ownership.     

A continuous characterization of the maximum vertex-weighted clique in hypergraphs

For a simple graph G on n vertices with adjacency matrix A, Motzkin and Strauss established a remarkable connection between the clique number and the global maximum value of the quadratic programm: \(\textit{max}\{ \mathbf {x}^T A \mathbf {x}\}\) on the standard simplex: \(\{\sum _{i=1}^{n} x_i =1, x_i \ge 0 \}\). In Gibbons et al. (Math Oper Res 122:754–768, 1997), an extension of the Motzkin–Straus formulation was provided for the vertex-weighted clique number of a graph. In this paper, we provide a continuous characterization of the maximum vertex-weighted clique problem for vertex-weighted uniform hypergraphs.     

Assessing the Performance of a Classification‐Based Vulnerability Analysis Model

In this article, a classification model based on the majority rule sorting (MR‐Sort) method is employed to evaluate the vulnerability of safety‐critical systems with respect to malevolent intentional acts. The model is built on the basis of a (limited‐size) set of data representing (a priori known) vulnerability classification examples. The empirical construction of the classification model introduces a source of uncertainty into the vulnerability analysis process: a quantitative assessment of the performance of the classification model (in terms of accuracy and confidence in the assignments) is thus in order. Three different app oaches are here considered to this aim: (i) a model–retrieval‐based approach, (ii) the bootstrap method, and (iii) the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation technique. The analyses are presented with reference to an exemplificative case study involving the vulnerability assessment of nuclear power plants.